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Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Vol. 12, No. 4, 440-444 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1076029606292248
© 2006 SAGE Publications

Control of Edema in Hypertensive Subjects Treated With Calcium Antagonist (Nifedipine) or Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors With Pycnogenol

Gianni Belcaro, MD, PhD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Cardres{at}abol.it

Maria Rosaria Cesarone, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Andrea Ricci, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Umberto Cornelli, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Peter Rodhewald, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Andrea Ledda, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Andrea Di Renzo, BD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Stefano Stuard, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Marisa Cacchio, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Giulia Vinciguerra, PhD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Giuseppe Gizzi, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Luciano Pellegrini, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Mark Dugall, MD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

Filiberto Fano, BD

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vasc Lab, Microcirculation Lab and Physiology, G D’annunzio University, Pescara-Chieti San Valentino Vascular Screening Project

The presence of edema in different phases and stages of essential hypertension may be due to antihypertensive treatment. Some drugs may cause edema by inducing vasodilatation, increasing the capillary exchange surface and capillary filtration. Pycnogenol has an important anti-edema effect in diabetic microangiopathy and chronic venous insufficiency. This 8-week study evaluated capillary filtration in 2 comparable treatment groups with hypertension treated with a calcium antagonist (nifedipine) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to define its efficacy in preventing edema caused by antihypertensives. A significant decrease in filtration was observed in the Pycnogenol groups. Pycnogenol controls this type of edema, it helps to prevent and limit long-term damage in the microcirculation in hypertensive patients, and allows the dose of anti-hypertensive drugs to be reduced in most patients.

Key Words: Hypertension • Pycnogenol • Edema


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